Electrode or pencil for arc-lights.



LLADOFP., ELEGTRODE 0R PENCIL FOR ARC LIGHTS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 27, 1908.

Patented Jan. 12, 1909.

f. y v/./.

522s ma? U Nitrat) STATES PATENT onirica.

ISADOR LADOFF, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO,-ASSIGOR OF TH'IRTY ONE-HNBREDTHS TO qEEIILIP C. PEGK, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

nnncraonn on PENCIL non Anc-LIGHTS.

Specieation of Letters Patent.

'I Patented lJan. 12, 1909.

Application med may 27, 190.8. `serai Nq. 435,216.

the following is a speciiication, reference bef ing had to theaccompanying drawings.

My present invention relates more particularly to a positive upper pencil or anode, and especially in the combination thereof with a negative lower pencil or cathode consisting of, or preponderatingly comprising, titanic and ferric material.

'I he object of my present invention is to supply, in combination with such negative pencil, an upper or positive pencil of such construction, composition, and resulting behavior as tofacilitate, under all conditions, the starting of the arc', and also increase its length and candlepower, without undue expenditure of energy, or rapidity of consumption. I attain this, and other desirable objects, lzy constituting the body of said upper positive pencil or electrode of carl: on having a central longitudinal core or axis of iron, or ferrie material. r

'Ihe construction of my said improved upper is shown in the accompanying drawing, 1n whichv l r Figure 1 is a longitudinal central section of the pencil, Fig. 2 `a cross section on the Vline 2-2 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 an elevation showing my novel combination of my said upper with said lower titanic and ferrie pencil.

My said upper. may beconstructed in any convenient manner ;-the carbon pencil being 'first produced as usual, may be bored and the iron core inserted,` or the carbon constituent may be molded in plastic state around the iron core and then sintered, the method of construction constituting no part of my present invention. The relative proportion of the total carbon or'graphite to total iron or ferric material appears to be important. I have found that when iron core is thus used with carbon the best results are attained where the diameter of the iron core is and that of the entire pencil l and that when iron core is used with graphite the best diameter of core is and of entire encil 1.

My. said iron cored carbon,` when used as positive or anode in combination with a lower or cathode comprising ferrie and titanic material, as for instance the pencil of my Patent No. 840,634, dated January 8, 1907, or pencils lcomprising oxid of titanium and iron, as per my pending application, Se-

rial No. 213,065 filed June 18, 1904, as a divifsion kof my application, Serial No. 183,528, filed December 2, 1903 has proved of advantage, niy said u per in such case facilitating 'the starting of glie arc, increasing its length, enriching it in volatile material, increasing its candle power, etc., and accomplishing all V without increased expenditure of electrical energy as compared with other uppers or anodes known to me.

The presence ofthe iron in the form of 'a core as described, increases materially the lite of the carbon or graphite pencil containing it, as compared with that of similar pencils, either witliout such core or combined with iron or other forms, and the location of the iron constituent thus in bulli` located within and surrounded by the carbon, is also of importance, in that it minimizes oxidation of the ferric constituent, which if applied externally to thecarbon as in the l'orm of a tube, 1 have found on several accounts obnoxious, if not prohibitive.

'lhe core may be composed of a compound of iron or ferrie material instead of the metal in elemental form, though I have found the latter preferable; also the body of the pencil may be composed of various forms of carbon, as for instance graphite, as above referred to, though I have found carbon per se preferable. l r

Referring to Fig. 3 of the drawings, A indicates an arc lamp of'usual forin'and provided with the usual feed devices, B my said positive upper pencil or anode of carbon having the aforesaid central longitudinal core or axis of iron or ferrie material, C the negative lower pencil or cathode comprising ferric and titanic materials.

The pencils areof course to be understood as being connected asusual in circuit with a source of electrical energy, not shown. v

What Iv claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is the following, viz

1. In ail apparatus for producing the arc light the combination of va positive pencil or electrode composed of carbon surrounding an axially disposedv core" of iron and a negative light the combination of a positive pencil or .pencil or electrode comprising ferrie and atingly of ferrie and titanic material.

titanic material.

' 2. In anapparatus for producing the arc light the compinationof a positive pencil or electrode composed of carbon surrounding an axially disposed core of iron and a nega# tive pencil or electrode composed preponder- 3. In an apparatus for producing the arc light the combination of a positive pencil or electrode composed of graphite surrounding an axially disposed core ot iron and a negative pencil or electrode comprising ferrie and titanio material.

4. In an apparatus for producing the arc light the combination of a positive pencil or electrode composed of graphite surrounding an axially disposed core ot iron and a negative pencil or electrode composed preponderatingly of ferrie and titanic material.

5. In an apparatus for producing the arc electrode composed of carbon surrounding an axially disposed core or' ferrie material and a I negative pencil or electrode comprising ferrie 25 and titanic material. y

6.- In an apparatus for producing the arc light the combination of a positive pencil or electrode composed of carbon surrounding an axially disposed core of fer'ric material and ab 30 8. In an apparatus for producing the arc I i light the combination of a positive pencil or electrode cornposed'oi"l graphite surrounding an axially disposed core of terric material and a negative pencil or electrode composed preponderatingly of ferric and titanic material.

ISADOR LADUFF. Witnesses: y

D. H. KELLY, G. C. IAxToN. 

